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nginx正向代理的配置和使用教程
瀏覽：5日期：2023-07-30 20:02:21
目錄安裝包準備下載nginx安裝包下載正向代理模塊的包版本與模塊對照表部署nginx服務上傳nginx包和正向模塊包配置正向代理創建nginx用戶檢查nginx配置并啟動nginx服務所在服務器驗證正向代理功能配置不能訪問外網的服務器（即內網服務器）,使其可以訪問外網liunx服務器配置windows服務器配置驗證不能訪問外網的服務器（即內網服務器）,使用代理上網
nginx正向代理http，nginx正向代理https
正向代理，指的是通過代理服務器 代理瀏覽器/客戶端去重定向請求訪問到目標服務器 的一種代理服務。正向代理服務的特點是代理服務器 代理的對象是瀏覽器/客戶端，也就是對于目標服務器 來說瀏覽器/客戶端是隱藏的。nginx默認支持正向代理http，不支持httpsnginx官方并不支持直接轉發https請求，nginx支持https需要ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模塊。github上開源了模塊 https://github.com/chobits/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module。不過維護的ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模塊的補丁也是有nginx版本限制的，需根據自身使用的nginx版本選擇相應的正向代理模塊。可以在REDEME.md的Select patch中查看nginx版本和模塊的對應關系安裝包準備下載nginx安裝包下載地址
下載地址
此處使用的是nginx-1.20.2，對應proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch
上傳nginx包和正向模塊包mkdir /nginxcd /nginx[root@mysql nginx]# ll-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip解壓,改名
tar -xf nginx.tar.gzunzip ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.ziplldrwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zipmv ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master ngx_http_proxy_connect_modulelldrwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip安裝nginx
yum -y install make gcc openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib zlib-develcd nginx-1.20.2ll drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 auto-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 312251 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 476577 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES.rudrwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 conf-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2590 Nov 16 2021 configuredrwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 contribdrwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 html-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 Nov 16 2021 LICENSEdrwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 man-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Nov 16 2021 READMEdrwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 src# 查看正向代理模塊proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch的位置ll ../ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9849 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_1014.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9697 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9408 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1014.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9505 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_101504.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9496 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1015.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9553 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9306 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_102101.patch-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9337 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite.patch# 導入模塊 后面為模塊路徑patch -p1 < /nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch# 編譯./configure --add-module=/nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module# 安裝，默認安裝在/usr/local/nginx/make && make install# 查看nginxll /usr/local/nginx/drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 client_body_tempdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:46 confdrwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 fastcgi_tempdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:28 htmldrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 logsdrwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 proxy_tempdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:33 sbindrwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 scgi_tempdrwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 uwsgi_temp配置正向代理cd /usr/local/nginx/#gzip on;下添加vim conf/nginx.conf #gzip on; #正向代理轉發http請求 server { #指定DNS服務器IP地址resolver 114.114.114.114; #監聽80端口，http默認端口80listen 80; #服務器IP或域名 server_name localhost; #正向代理轉發http請求 location / {proxy_pass http://$host$request_uri;proxy_set_header HOST $host;proxy_buffers 256 4k;proxy_max_temp_file_size 0k;proxy_connect_timeout 30;proxy_send_timeout 60;proxy_read_timeout 60;proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502; } } #正向代理轉發https請求 server {#指定DNS服務器IP地址 resolver 114.114.114.114;#監聽443端口，https默認端口443listen 443;#正向代理轉發https請求proxy_connect;proxy_connect_allow 443 563;proxy_connect_connect_timeout 10s;proxy_connect_read_timeout 10s;proxy_connect_send_timeout 10s; location / { proxy_pass http://$host; proxy_set_header Host $host; } }創建nginx用戶nginx服務以用戶nginx身份啟動
useradd nginx檢查nginx配置并啟動sbin/nginx -tsbin/nginxss -utnlp | grep nginxtcp LISTEN 0 511 *:443 *:* users:(('nginx',pid=6645,fd=7),('nginx',pid=6644,fd=7))tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* users:(('nginx',pid=6645,fd=6),('nginx',pid=6644,fd=6))nginx服務所在服務器驗證正向代理功能 curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80 curl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80* About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 80 (#0)* Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> HEAD http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0> Host: www.baidu.com> Accept: */*> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive>< HTTP/1.1 200 OKHTTP/1.1 200 OK< Server: nginx/1.20.2Server: nginx/1.20.2< Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMTDate: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT< Content-Type: text/htmlContent-Type: text/html< Content-Length: 277Content-Length: 277< Connection: keep-aliveConnection: keep-alive< Accept-Ranges: bytesAccept-Ranges: bytes< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transformCache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform< Etag: '575e1f60-115'Etag: '575e1f60-115'< Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMTLast-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT< Pragma: no-cachePragma: no-cache<* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intactcurl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443* About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 443 (#0)* Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 443 (#0)* Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443> CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1> Host: www.baidu.com:443> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive>< HTTP/1.1 200 Connection EstablishedHTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established< Proxy-agent: nginxProxy-agent: nginx<* Proxy replied OK to CONNECT request* Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb* CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none* SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256* Server certificate:* subject: CN=baidu.com,O='Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd',OU=service operation department,L=beijing,ST=beijing,C=CN* start date: Jul 05 05:16:02 2022 GMT* expire date: Aug 06 05:16:01 2023 GMT* common name: baidu.com* issuer: CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE> HEAD / HTTP/1.1> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0> Host: www.baidu.com> Accept: */*>< HTTP/1.1 200 OKHTTP/1.1 200 OK< Accept-Ranges: bytesAccept-Ranges: bytes< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transformCache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform< Connection: keep-aliveConnection: keep-alive< Content-Length: 277Content-Length: 277< Content-Type: text/htmlContent-Type: text/html< Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMTDate: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT< Etag: '575e1f60-115'Etag: '575e1f60-115'< Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMTLast-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT< Pragma: no-cachePragma: no-cache< Server: bfe/1.0.8.18Server: bfe/1.0.8.18<* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact配置不能訪問外網的服務器（即內網服務器）,使其可以訪問外網liunx服務器配置1.只配置使用yum時，能夠使用正向代理訪問外網
#追加配置vim /etc/yum.confproxy=http://192.168.0.20:80#nginx正向代理服務器的地址proxy=ftp://192.168.0.20:80#nginx正向代理服務器的地址2.只配置使用wget時，能夠使用正向代理訪問外網
#追加配置vim /etc/wgetrchttp_proxy=192.168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服務器的地址http_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 #nginx正向代理服務器的地址3.全局配置，所以訪問請求都能夠使用正向代理訪問外網
#追加配置vim /etc/profilehttp_proxy=192.168.0.20:80https_proxy=192.168.0.20:443ftp_proxy=192.168.0.20:443export http_proxyexport https_proxyexport ftp_proxy# 加載配置source /etc/profilewindows服務器配置
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